/* OJS integration layer for the journal-website visual system. */
html, body { min-height: 100%; }
body.tpes-journal { overflow-x: hidden; }
.pkp_screen_reader, .tpes-skip-link:not(:focus) {
	position: absolute !important;
	width: 1px !important;
	height: 1px !important;
	padding: 0 !important;
	margin: -1px !important;
	overflow: hidden !important;
	clip: rect(0, 0, 0, 0) !important;
	white-space: nowrap !important;
	border: 0 !important;
}
.tpes-skip-link:focus { position: fixed; z-index: 999; top: 12px; left: 12px; padding: 10px 14px; background: #fff; }
.brand-subtitle { display: block; margin-top: 7px; color: var(--color-muted); font-size: .9rem; }
.language-switcher a { border-radius: 999px; padding: 4px 8px; color: #dce5f1; font-size: .74rem; font-weight: 800; }
.language-switcher a.active { background: #fff; color: var(--color-primary-deep); }
.nav-tools svg { width: 19px; height: 19px; fill: none; stroke: currentColor; stroke-width: 1.8; stroke-linecap: round; }
.mobile-menu-toggle { position: relative; padding: 11px; }
.mobile-menu-toggle span { display: block; width: 18px; height: 2px; margin: 2px 0; background: currentColor; transition: .2s ease; }
.mobile-menu-toggle[aria-expanded="true"] span:nth-child(1) { transform: translateY(4px) rotate(45deg); }
.mobile-menu-toggle[aria-expanded="true"] span:nth-child(2) { opacity: 0; }
.mobile-menu-toggle[aria-expanded="true"] span:nth-child(3) { transform: translateY(-4px) rotate(-45deg); }
.nav-item > ul { margin: 0; }
.nav-item > .nav-dropdown .nav-link { min-height: auto; padding: 10px 12px; border: 0; font-weight: 650; }

/* Shared desktop/mobile navigation; the drawer is not inside a filtered header. */
.tpes-account-links { display: flex; flex-wrap: wrap; align-items: center; gap: 4px 14px; }
.tpes-account-links a { display: inline-flex; align-items: center; min-height: 38px; font-weight: 700; }
.utility-actions { flex-wrap: wrap; justify-content: flex-end; gap: 8px 18px; }
.utility-links { min-width: 0; }
.language-switcher { flex-shrink: 0; }
.language-switcher a.active { opacity: 1; }
.tpes-navigation-panel { flex: 1; min-width: 0; }
.tpes-drawer-head, .tpes-drawer-actions, .tpes-menu-backdrop { display: none; }
.nav-item.has-dropdown { display: flex; align-items: center; }
.tpes-submenu-toggle { display: inline-grid; place-items: center; flex: 0 0 auto; width: 32px; height: 44px; margin-inline-start: -10px; padding: 0; border: 0; border-radius: 5px; background: transparent; color: var(--color-primary-dark); }
.tpes-submenu-toggle svg { width: 16px; height: 16px; fill: none; stroke: currentColor; stroke-width: 1.8; transition: transform .15s ease; }
.tpes-submenu-toggle:hover { background: var(--color-bg-soft); }
.tpes-submenu-toggle[aria-expanded="true"] svg { transform: rotate(180deg); }
.nav-dropdown { z-index: 2; max-width: min(360px, calc(100vw - 32px)); max-height: calc(100dvh - var(--header-height) - 20px); overflow-y: auto; }
.nav-tools { flex: 0 0 auto; }
.search-overlay { overflow-y: auto; overscroll-behavior: contain; }
.search-panel { margin-bottom: 20px; }
.search-panel-head h2 { margin: 6px 0 0; font-size: clamp(1.4rem, 4vw, 2rem); line-height: 1.2; }
.search-panel-head .icon-button { flex: 0 0 auto; font-size: 1.8rem; line-height: 1; }
.search-panel form .button { flex: 0 0 auto; }

@media (max-width: 992px) {
	:root { --header-height: 62px; }
	.utility-links { display: none; }
	.utility-actions { width: 100%; justify-content: space-between; }
	.brand-lockup { gap: 12px; }
	.tpes-navigation-panel { position: fixed; inset: 0 auto 0 0; z-index: 3; width: min(380px, 100%); height: 100vh; height: 100dvh; padding: 18px 24px 28px; background: #fff; overflow-y: auto; overscroll-behavior: contain; visibility: hidden; transform: translateX(-100%); transition: transform .2s ease; }
	.tpes-navigation-panel.open { visibility: visible; transform: translateX(0); }
	.tpes-menu-backdrop:not([hidden]) { display: block; position: fixed; inset: 0; z-index: 2; background: rgba(13, 27, 48, .6); }
	.tpes-drawer-head { display: flex; align-items: center; justify-content: space-between; gap: 16px; margin-bottom: 18px; font-size: 1.1rem; font-weight: 800; }
	.tpes-drawer-head .icon-button { flex: 0 0 auto; font-size: 1.8rem; line-height: 1; }
	.nav-item.has-dropdown { display: grid; grid-template-columns: minmax(0, 1fr) 44px; }
	.nav-item > .nav-link { min-height: 52px; padding: 12px 0; line-height: 1.4; }
	.tpes-submenu-toggle { width: 44px; margin: 0; border: 1px solid var(--color-border); }
	.nav-dropdown { grid-column: 1 / -1; max-width: none; max-height: none; overflow: visible; }
	.tpes-drawer-actions { display: flex; flex-wrap: wrap; gap: 10px; margin-top: 26px; }
	.tpes-drawer-actions > .button:last-child { width: 100%; }
}
@media (max-width: 480px) {
	:root { --header-height: 56px; }
	.utility-actions { gap: 4px 10px; }
	.tpes-account-links { gap: 4px 10px; font-size: .76rem; }
	.language-switcher a { padding: 4px 6px; }
	.search-overlay { padding: 24px 12px; }
	.search-panel { padding: 20px; }
}
@media (max-width: 768px) {
	.brand-subtitle { display: none; }
}
@media (prefers-reduced-motion: reduce) {
	html { scroll-behavior: auto; }
	.tpes-navigation-panel, .tpes-submenu-toggle svg, .button { transition: none; }
}

main { display: block; min-height: 38vh; }
.tpes-ojs-layout { display: grid; grid-template-columns: minmax(0, 1fr) 300px; gap: 52px; align-items: start; padding-top: 52px; padding-bottom: 76px; }
.tpes-ojs-main { min-width: 0; }
.tpes-ojs-layout:not(:has(> .tpes-ojs-sidebar)) { grid-template-columns: minmax(0, 1fr); }
.tpes-ojs-main > .container, .tpes-ojs-main > .page.container { width: 100%; margin-inline: 0; padding-inline: 0; }
.tpes-ojs-main > .page > h1, .tpes-ojs-main > .page > .page_title {
	margin: 8px 0 30px;
	font-family: var(--font-serif);
	font-size: clamp(2.1rem, 4vw, 3.65rem);
	line-height: 1.08;
	letter-spacing: -.035em;
	color: var(--color-primary-deep);
}
.tpes-feature-title { margin: 6px 0 20px; font-size: clamp(2rem, 3.7vw, 3.15rem); line-height: 1.08; letter-spacing: -.035em; }
.hero h1 { font-size: clamp(2.05rem, 4.3vw, 3.7rem); }
.breadcrumbs { margin: 0 0 18px; padding: 0; list-style: none; }
.cmp_breadcrumbs ol { display: flex; flex-wrap: wrap; gap: 6px; margin: 0 0 18px; padding: 0; list-style: none; color: var(--color-muted); font-size: .82rem; }
.cmp_breadcrumbs .separator { margin-inline: 6px; color: #a5afbe; }
.cmp_breadcrumbs a { color: var(--color-muted); }
.page p, .page li { color: var(--color-text-soft); }
.page img { height: auto; }
.page { overflow-wrap: anywhere; }
.page table { width: 100%; border-collapse: collapse; }
.page th, .page td { padding: 10px 12px; border: 1px solid var(--color-border); text-align: left; }

/* Native fields and buttons */
input[type="text"], input[type="email"], input[type="password"], input[type="search"], input[type="url"], select, textarea,
.form-control {
	width: 100%; min-height: 44px; padding: 10px 12px; border: 1px solid var(--color-border); border-radius: var(--radius-sm);
	background: #fff; color: var(--color-text); box-shadow: none;
}
textarea { min-height: 130px; resize: vertical; }
input:focus, select:focus, textarea:focus { border-color: var(--color-primary); outline: 3px solid rgba(73,110,157,.12); }
label { color: var(--color-text); font-weight: 700; }
fieldset { min-width: 0; padding: 0; margin: 0; border: 0; }
.form-group, .fields > div { margin-bottom: 18px; }
.btn, button.btn, .cmp_button, .cmp_form .buttons button[type="submit"], input[type="submit"] {
	display: inline-flex; align-items: center; justify-content: center; min-height: 44px; padding: 10px 18px;
	border: 1px solid var(--color-primary-dark); border-radius: var(--radius-sm); background: var(--color-primary-dark); color: #fff; font-weight: 750;
}
.btn:hover, button.btn:hover, .cmp_button:hover, .cmp_form .buttons button[type="submit"]:hover, input[type="submit"]:hover { background: var(--color-primary); border-color: var(--color-primary); color: #fff; }
.btn-light { background: #fff; color: var(--color-primary-dark); }
.cmp_notification, .pkp_form_error { margin: 18px 0; padding: 16px 18px; border-left: 4px solid var(--color-accent); border-radius: 0 var(--radius-sm) var(--radius-sm) 0; background: var(--color-accent-soft); }
.pkp_form_error { border-color: #c03d3d; background: #fff2f1; color: #8c2727; }
.page_login, .page_lost_password, .page_register { width: min(560px, 100%); margin-inline: auto; padding: 28px; border: 1px solid var(--color-border); border-radius: var(--radius-lg); box-shadow: var(--shadow-sm); }
.row, .d-flex, .d-md-flex { min-width: 0; }
.page_login label, .page_lost_password label, .page_register .fields label { display: block; margin-bottom: 5px; }
.page_login .buttons, .page_lost_password .buttons, .page_register .buttons { display: flex; flex-wrap: wrap; gap: 8px; margin-top: 20px; }
.page_login .buttons a, .page_register .buttons a { display: inline-flex; align-items: center; padding: 10px 14px; border: 1px solid var(--color-border); border-radius: var(--radius-sm); }
.page_register legend { margin-bottom: 12px; font-weight: 750; }
.page_register fieldset { margin-bottom: 24px; }

/* Sidebar and all block plugins */
.tpes-ojs-sidebar { min-width: 0; overflow-wrap: anywhere; }
.tpes-ojs-sidebar .pkp_block { margin: 0 0 18px; padding: 20px; border: 1px solid var(--color-border); border-radius: var(--radius-md); background: #fff; box-shadow: 0 7px 24px rgba(23,32,51,.05); }
.tpes-ojs-sidebar .pkp_block > .title, .tpes-ojs-sidebar .pkp_block .content > .title,
.material_sidebar_block__heading { display: block; margin: 0 0 14px; color: var(--color-primary-deep); font-size: .94rem; font-weight: 850; line-height: 1.3; }
.tpes-ojs-sidebar .pkp_block ul { margin: 0; padding: 0; list-style: none; }
.tpes-ojs-sidebar .pkp_block li + li { border-top: 1px solid var(--color-border); }
.tpes-ojs-sidebar .pkp_block li a { display: block; padding: 10px 0; color: var(--color-text-soft); font-size: .88rem; line-height: 1.4; }
.material_quick_links { display: grid; }
.material_quick_link { display: flex; align-items: center; justify-content: space-between; gap: 12px; padding: 11px 0; border-bottom: 1px solid var(--color-border); color: var(--color-text-soft); font-size: .88rem; font-weight: 700; }
.material_quick_link:first-child { border-top: 1px solid var(--color-border); }
.material_quick_link__arrow { width: 17px; height: 17px; flex: 0 0 auto; fill: none; stroke: currentColor; stroke-width: 1.7; }
.material_sidebar_links { display: grid; grid-template-columns: repeat(2, minmax(0, 1fr)); gap: 8px; }
.material_sidebar_link { min-height: 84px; display: flex; flex-direction: column; align-items: center; justify-content: center; gap: 7px; padding: 10px; border: 1px solid var(--color-border); border-radius: 7px; text-align: center; color: var(--color-text-soft); font-size: .72rem; font-weight: 750; }
.material_sidebar_link__logo img { width: auto; max-width: 92px; height: 42px; object-fit: contain; }
.block_developed_by .most_read { display: grid; gap: 0; }
.block_developed_by .most_read_article { padding: 13px 0; }
.block_developed_by .most_read_article:first-child { border-top: 1px solid var(--color-border); }
.block_developed_by .most_read_article_title a { padding: 0 !important; color: var(--color-primary-deep) !important; font-family: var(--font-serif); font-size: .93rem !important; font-weight: 700; }
.block_developed_by .most_read_article_journal { margin-top: 6px; color: var(--color-muted); font-size: .74rem; }
/* Older uploaded journal CSS sets a fixed 18rem width and transparent gradient
   text on every block link. Reset only block lists, keeping editable HTML intact. */
.tpes-journal .pkp_block .content { text-align: start; }
.tpes-journal .pkp_block .content ul li { display: block; min-width: 0; max-width: none; width: auto; margin: 0; padding: 12px 0; border-radius: 0; box-shadow: none; text-align: start; }
.tpes-journal .pkp_block .content ul a { background: none; -webkit-text-fill-color: currentColor; background-clip: border-box; font-family: inherit; }
.tpes-journal .pkp_block .content ul a::before { content: none; }
.tpes-journal .pkp_block .content p img { max-width: 100%; }
.tpes-home-block-grid { display: grid; grid-template-columns: repeat(3, minmax(0, 1fr)); gap: 18px; align-items: start; }
.tpes-home-block-grid .pkp_block { min-width: 0; padding: 22px; border: 1px solid var(--color-border); border-radius: var(--radius-md); background: #fff; box-shadow: var(--shadow-sm); }
.tpes-home-block-grid .pkp_block > .title, .tpes-home-block-grid .pkp_block .content > .title { display: block; margin: 0 0 14px; color: var(--color-primary-deep); font-size: 1rem; font-weight: 850; }
.tpes-home-block-grid .pkp_block ul { margin: 0; padding: 0; list-style: none; }
.tpes-home-block-grid .pkp_block li + li { border-top: 1px solid var(--color-border); }
.tpes-home-block-grid .most_read_article { padding: 13px 0; }
.tpes-home-block-grid .most_read_article:first-child { border-top: 1px solid var(--color-border); }
.tpes-home-block-grid .most_read_article_title a { color: var(--color-primary-deep); font-family: var(--font-serif); font-size: .96rem; font-weight: 700; line-height: 1.35; }

/* Issue, archive and summaries */
.tpes-issue-section + .tpes-issue-section { margin-top: 42px; }
.tpes-section-title { margin: 0; padding: 18px 0 12px; border-bottom: 2px solid var(--color-primary-dark); color: var(--color-primary-deep); font-size: 1.05rem; text-transform: uppercase; letter-spacing: .05em; }
.galleys_links { display: flex; flex-wrap: wrap; gap: 8px; margin: 14px 0 0; padding: 0; list-style: none; }
.galleys_links a, .obj_galley_link {
	display: inline-flex;
	align-items: center;
	min-height: 36px;
	padding: 7px 12px;
	border: 1px solid var(--color-primary-dark);
	border-radius: var(--radius-sm);
	background: #fff;
	box-shadow: none;
	color: var(--color-primary-dark);
	font-size: .82rem;
	font-weight: 800;
	line-height: 1.2;
}
.galleys_links a:visited, .obj_galley_link:visited { color: var(--color-primary-dark); }
.galleys_links a:hover, .obj_galley_link:hover,
.galleys_links a:focus-visible, .obj_galley_link:focus-visible {
	border-color: var(--color-primary-dark);
	background: var(--color-primary-dark);
	color: #fff;
}
.galleys_links a.restricted, .obj_galley_link.restricted {
	border-color: #b42318;
	background: #fff7f6;
	color: #9f1d14;
}
.galleys_links a.restricted:hover, .obj_galley_link.restricted:hover,
.galleys_links a.restricted:focus-visible, .obj_galley_link.restricted:focus-visible {
	background: #b42318;
	color: #fff;
}
.article-title .subtitle { display: block; margin-top: 5px; color: var(--color-text-soft); font-family: var(--font-sans); font-size: .68em; font-weight: 500; }
.issues_archive, .search_results { margin: 0; padding: 0; list-style: none; }
.issues_archive { display: grid; grid-template-columns: repeat(2, minmax(0, 1fr)); gap: 22px; }
.issues_archive > li, .search_results > li { list-style: none; }
.issue-card { grid-template-columns: 105px minmax(0, 1fr); }
.issue-card--no-cover { grid-template-columns: 1fr; }
.issue-card .description { display: -webkit-box; overflow: hidden; -webkit-box-orient: vertical; -webkit-line-clamp: 3; color: var(--color-muted); font-size: .84rem; }
.issue-card .description p { margin: 6px 0; }
.cmp_pagination { display: flex; flex-wrap: wrap; justify-content: center; align-items: center; gap: 8px; margin-top: 32px; }
.cmp_pagination a, .cmp_pagination .current { display: inline-grid; min-width: 38px; min-height: 38px; padding: 6px 12px; place-items: center; border: 1px solid var(--color-border); border-radius: 5px; }

/* Search */
.page_search ._cmp_form { padding: 24px; margin-bottom: 40px; border: 1px solid var(--color-border); border-radius: var(--radius-lg); background: var(--color-bg-soft); }
.page_search .search_advanced { display: grid; grid-template-columns: 1fr 1fr; gap: 20px; margin-top: 18px; }
.page_search .search_advanced legend { grid-column: 1 / -1; }
.page_search .search_advanced > div { display: contents; }
.page_search .date_range { display: grid; grid-template-columns: 1fr 1fr; gap: 20px; grid-column: 1 / -1; }
.page_search .date_range fieldset { display: grid; grid-template-columns: 1fr 1.4fr .8fr; gap: 4px 8px; }
.page_search .date_range legend { margin-bottom: 8px; font-weight: 750; }
.page_search .date_range label { grid-row: 1; font-size: .78rem; }
.page_search .date_range select { grid-row: 2; padding-inline: 6px; }
.page_search .search_advanced > .author { grid-column: 1 / -1; }
.page_search ._cmp_form > .d-flex { margin-top: 22px; }
.page_search select { min-width: 0; }
.search_results .article-card { padding-inline: 0; }

/* Article details inherited from OJS/Material Sidebar */
.page_article .obj_article_details > .d-md-flex { display: grid; grid-template-columns: minmax(0, 1fr) 270px; gap: 48px; align-items: start; }
.tpes-article-page { padding-top: 40px; padding-bottom: 64px; }
.page_article .main_entry { min-width: 0; font-size: 1.01rem; line-height: 1.75; }
.page_article .main_entry > .item { margin: 0 0 28px; }
.page_article .main_entry > .item.d-none { display: block !important; }
.page_article .page_title { display: block !important; max-width: 32ch; margin: 0 0 30px; font-family: var(--font-serif); font-size: clamp(1.75rem, 3vw, 2.8rem); line-height: 1.15; letter-spacing: -.025em; color: var(--color-primary-deep); }
.page_article .subtitle { margin: 0 0 22px; color: var(--color-text-soft); font-weight: 500; }
.page_article ul.authors { margin: 0; padding: 0; list-style: none; }
.page_article ul.authors li { padding: 8px 0; border-bottom: 1px solid var(--color-border); }
.page_article .authors .name, .page_article .authors .affiliation { display: block; }
.page_article .authors .name { color: var(--color-primary-deep); font-weight: 750; }
.page_article .authors .iname { display: flex; flex-wrap: wrap; align-items: center; gap: 8px; }
.page_article .orcid a { display: inline-flex; align-items: center; padding: 2px 7px; border: 1px solid #a6ce39; border-radius: 999px; font-size: .7rem; font-weight: 750; color: #38650e; line-height: 1.5; }
.page_article .orcid::before, .page_article .orcid::after { content: none; }
.page_article .authors .name > a { display: inline; }
.page_article .authors .affiliation { color: var(--color-muted); font-size: .86rem; }
.page_article .main_entry .label, .page_article .main_entry ._label { margin: 0 0 9px; color: var(--color-primary-deep); font-size: 1.18rem; }
.page_article .main_entry .abstract ._label, .page_article .main_entry .references .label { font-size: 1.55rem; }
.page_article .entry_details { min-width: 0; }
.tpes-article-downloads { display: none; }
.page_article .entry_details > .item { margin-bottom: 15px; padding: 18px; border: 1px solid var(--color-border); border-radius: var(--radius-md); background: #fff; }
.page_article .entry_details .tpes-ojs-sidebar { position: static; display: block; }
.citation_formats_list[aria-hidden="true"] { display: none; }
.citation_formats_button { margin-top: 14px; }
.page_article .entry_details .label { display: block; margin-bottom: 6px; color: var(--color-muted); font-size: .72rem; font-weight: 850; text-transform: uppercase; letter-spacing: .06em; }
.page_article .entry_details img { max-width: 100%; height: auto; }
.page_article .references p { padding-left: 18px; text-indent: -18px; }

/* Homepage details */
.indexing-logo img { max-width: 145px; max-height: 58px; object-fit: contain; }
.editor-photo img { width: 100%; height: 100%; object-fit: cover; }
.additional-home-content { color: var(--color-text-soft); }
.additional-home-content > :first-child { margin-top: 0; }
.announcement-card .summary, .announcement-card .description { color: var(--color-muted); font-size: .9rem; }
.cmp_announcements { display: grid; grid-template-columns: repeat(2, minmax(0, 1fr)); gap: 18px; margin: 24px 0 0; padding: 0; list-style: none; }
.cmp_announcements > li { list-style: none; }
.journal-footer a { color: #c8d3e1; }
.journal-footer a:hover { color: #fff; }
.tpes-page-footer img { max-width: 170px; max-height: 70px; object-fit: contain; }
.tpes-page-footer p { margin: 0 0 10px; }

@media (max-width: 1100px) {
	.tpes-ojs-layout { grid-template-columns: minmax(0, 1fr) 270px; gap: 34px; }
	.page_article .obj_article_details > .d-md-flex { grid-template-columns: minmax(0, 1fr) 240px; gap: 30px; }
}
@media (max-width: 860px) {
	.tpes-ojs-layout { grid-template-columns: 1fr; padding-top: 38px; }
	.tpes-home-block-grid { grid-template-columns: repeat(2, minmax(0, 1fr)); }
	.tpes-ojs-sidebar, .page_article .entry_details { position: static; }
	.tpes-ojs-sidebar { display: grid; grid-template-columns: repeat(2, minmax(0, 1fr)); gap: 16px; }
	.tpes-ojs-sidebar .pkp_block { margin: 0; }
	.page_article .obj_article_details > .d-md-flex { grid-template-columns: 1fr; }
	.tpes-article-downloads { display: block; margin-bottom: 24px; }
	.page_article .entry_details > .galleys { display: none; }
	.issues_archive { grid-template-columns: 1fr; }
}
@media (max-width: 620px) {
	.tpes-ojs-sidebar { grid-template-columns: 1fr; }
	.tpes-home-block-grid { grid-template-columns: 1fr; }
	.cmp_announcements { grid-template-columns: 1fr; }
	.page_search .search_advanced { grid-template-columns: 1fr; }
	.page_search .search_advanced legend { grid-column: 1; }
	.page_search .date_range { grid-template-columns: 1fr; }
	.page_login, .page_lost_password, .page_register { padding: 20px; }
}