Features of EEG and EMG Signals Before and After Different Forms of Isokinetic Contraction of the Upper Limb Muscle of Male Basketball Players
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.31489/3081-0531/2025-1-1/21-34Keywords:
exercise-induced muscle fatigue, concentric contractions, eccentric contractions, EMG, EEGAbstract
This study explores the differences between peripheral fatigue and central fatigue after eccentric and concentric
contraction fatigue. Eight male basketball student-athletes were selected as study subjects, with an age of
20.0±1.2 years, height 190.3±7.6 cm and weight 90.1±5.8 kg. Each subject was required to perform 10 sets of
10 eccentric and concentric contraction fatigue tests at equal speeds. During equal-speed training, EMG signals
of the biceps and triceps were recorded simultaneously. Centrifugal contraction was performed one week
after centriolar contraction. The EMG signal and EEG signal were processed and analyzed using the MR3
EMG signal analysis software and MATLAB. Paired sample t-test was conducted for peak torque before and
after isokinetic contraction, EMG, MF, MPF of EMG signal and power spectrum ratio of EEG signal in each
frequency band. One-way ANOVA was conducted for each index after centripetal contraction and eccentric
contraction. The inflection point of the peak moment of isokinetic muscle force is basically the same as that
of the electromyographic signal. The fatigue time of centripetal contractile muscles is earlier than that of centrifugal
contractile muscles, and the degree of peripheral fatigue after centripetal contractile muscles is obviously
higher than that of centrifugal contractile muscles. The degree of central fatigue after centrifugal motion
is greater than that after centripetal contraction.
References
Lievens, E., Klass, M., Bex, T., et al. (2020). Muscle fiber typology substantially influences time to recover from highintensity
exercise. Journal of Applied Physiology, 128(3), 648–659. DOI: 10.1152/japplphysiol.00636.2019.
Andersen, B., Westlund, B., & Krarup, C. (2003). Failure of activation of spinal motoneurones after muscle fatigue in healthy
subjects studied by transcranial magnetic stimulation. The Journal of Physiology, 551(1), 345–356. DOI:
1113/jphysiol.2003.043562.
Kenney, W., Wilmore, J., & Costill, D. (2021). Physiology of sport and exercise (7th ed.). Human Kinetics.
Skurvydas, A., Kazlauskaite, D., Zlibinaite, L., et al. (2021). Effects of two nights of sleep deprivation on executive function
and central and peripheral fatigue during maximal voluntary contraction lasting 60 s. Physiology & Behavior, 229, 113226. DOI:
1016/j.physbeh.2020.113226.
Silva-Cavalcante, M. ., Couto, P.G., Azevedo, R.A., et al. (2019). Stretch–shortening cycle exercise produces acute and prolonged
impairments on endurance performance: Is the peripheral fatigue a single answer? European Journal of Applied Physiology,
(7), 1479–1489. DOI: 10.1007/s00421-019-04135-4.
Naderifar, H., Minoonejad, H., Barati, A.H., et al. (2018). Effect of a neck proprioceptive neuromuscular facilitation training
program on body postural stability in elite female basketball players. Journal of Rehabilitation Sciences & Research, 5(2), 41–45.
Brambilla, C., Pirovano, I., Mira, R.M., et al. (2021). Combined use of EMG and EEG techniques for neuromotor assessment
in rehabilitative applications: A systematic review. Sensors, 21(21), 7014. DOI: 10.3390/s21217014.
Enoka, R.M. (2019). Physiological validation of the decomposition of surface EMG signals. Journal of Electromyography
and Kinesiology, 46, 70–83. DOI: 10.1016/j.jelekin.2019.03.010.
Yang, Z., & Ren, H. (2019). Feature extraction and simulation of EEG signals during exercise-induced fatigue. IEEE Access,
, 46389–46398. DOI: 10.1109/ACCESS.2019.2909035.
Portela, M.A., Sánchez-Romero, J.I., Pérez, V.Z., et al. (2020). Torque estimation based on surface electromyography: Potential
tool for knee rehabilitation. Revista de la Facultad de Medicina, 68(3), 438–445. DOI: 10.1016/j.jneumeth.2020.108998.
Sheng, Y., Liu, J., Zhou, Z., et al. (2021). Musculoskeletal joint angle estimation based on isokinetic motor coordination.
IEEE Transactions on Medical Robotics and Bionics, 3(4), 1011–1019. DOI: 10.1109/TMRB.2021.3122931.
Weavil, J.C., Sidhu, S.K., Mangum, T.S., et al. (2015). Intensity-dependent alterations in the excitability of cortical and spinal
projections to the knee extensors during isometric and locomotor exercise. American Journal of Physiology-Regulatory, Integrative
and Comparative Physiology, 308(12), R998–R1007. DOI: 10.1152/ajpregu.00021.2015.
Ghorbani, M., & Clark, C.C.T. (2021). Brain function during central fatigue induced by intermittent high-intensity cycling.
Neurological Sciences, 42(9), 3655–3661. DOI: 10.1007/s10072-020-04965-7.
Engchuan, P., Wongsuphasawat, K., & Sittiprapaporn, P. (2019). Brain electrical activity during bench press weight training
exercise. Asian Journal of Medical Sciences, 10(5), 80–85. DOI: 10.3126/ajms.v10i5.21034.
Liu, J., Sheng, Y., Zeng, J., et al. (2019). Corticomuscular coherence for upper arm flexor and extensor muscles during isometric
exercise and cyclically isokinetic movement. Frontiers in Neuroscience, 13, 522. DOI: 10.3389/fnins.2019.00522.
Li, D., & Chen, C. (2022). Research on exercise fatigue estimation method of Pilates rehabilitation based on ECG and sEMG
feature fusion. BMC Medical Informatics and Decision Making, 22(1), 1–11. DOI: 10.1186/s12911-022-01808-7.
Edwards, R.G., & Lippold, O.C.J. (1956). The relation between force and integrated electrical activity in fatigued muscle.
The Journal of Physiology, 132(3), 677–681. DOI: 10.1113/jphysiol.1956.sp005558.
Turgunov, A., Zohirov, K., Rustamov, S., et al. (2020). Using different features of signal in EMG signal classification. In
International Conference on Information Science and Communications Technologies (ICISCT) (pp. 1–5). IEEE. DOI:
1109/ICISCT50599.2020.9351392.
Cadore, E.L., González-Izal, M., Grazioli, R., et al. (2019). Effects of concentric and eccentric strength training on fatigue
induced by concentric and eccentric exercises. International Journal of Sports Physiology and Performance, 14(1), 91–98. DOI:
1123/ijspp.2018-0254.
Rampichini, S., Vieira, T.M., Castiglioni, P., et al. (2020). Complexity analysis of surface electromyography for assessing the
myoelectric manifestation of muscle fatigue: A review. Entropy, 22(5), 529. DOI: 10.3390/e22050529.
Jung, C.Y., Park, J.S., Lim, Y., et al. (2018). Estimating fatigue level of femoral and gastrocnemius muscles based on surface
electromyography in time and frequency domain. Journal of Mechanics in Medicine and Biology, 18(05), 1850042. DOI:
1142/S0219519418500422.
Liu, X., & Li, Z. (2021). Influence mechanism of running sportswear fatigue based on BP neural network. EURASIP Journal
on Advances in Signal Processing, 2021(1), 1–15. DOI: 10.1186/s13634-021-00778-8.
Farina, D., Fosci, M., & Merletti, R. (2002). Motor unit recruitment strategies investigated by surface EMG variables.
Journal of Applied Physiology, 92(1), 235–247. DOI: 10.1152/jappl.2002.92.1.235.
Solomonow, M., Baten, C., Smit, J.O.S., et al. (1990). Electromyogram power spectra frequencies associated with motor unit
recruitment strategies. Journal of Applied Physiology, 68(3), 1177–1185. DOI: 10.1152/jappl.1990.68.3.1177.
Klaver-Krol, E.G., Hermens, H.J., Vermeulen, R.C., et al. (2021). Chronic fatigue syndrome: Abnormally fast muscle fiber
conduction in the membranes of motor units at low static force load. Clinical Neurophysiology, 132(4), 967–974. DOI:
1016/j.clinph.2020.11.043.
McArdle, W.D., Katch, F.I., & Katch, V.L. (2006). Essentials of exercise physiology (3rd ed.). Lippincott Williams &
Wilkins.
Markus, I., Constantini, K., Hoffman, J.R., et al. (2021). Exercise-induced muscle damage: Mechanism, assessment and nutritional
factors to accelerate recovery. European Journal of Applied Physiology, 121(4), 969–992. DOI: 10.1007/s00421-020-04566-4.
Souron, R., Nosaka, K., & Jubeau, M. (2018). Changes in central and peripheral neuromuscular fatigue indices after concentric
versus eccentric contractions of the knee extensors. European Journal of Applied Physiology, 118(4), 805–816. DOI:
1007/s00421-018-3816-0.
Michaut, A., Pousson, M., Babault, N., et al. (2002). Is eccentric exercise-induced torque decrease contraction type dependent?
Medicine and Science in Sports and Exercise, 34(6), 1003–1008. DOI: 10.1097/00005768-200206000-00016.
Martin, V., Millet, G.Y., Lattier, G., et al. (2005). Why does knee extensor muscles torque decrease after eccentric-type exercise?
Journal of Sports Medicine and Physical Fitness, 45(2), 143–151.