Gender differences in integral indicators of adaptation of athletes’ bodies to training in different energy modes
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.31489/3081-0531/2025-1-1/51-56Keywords:
athlete, gender, energy training regime, cardiovascular system adaptation, stress, adaptation failure, indicesAbstract
Adaptation to intense muscle activity leads to an increase in athletic performance. The task is not to bring an
athlete to the stage of failure of adaptation mechanisms during training, which is accompanied by a drop in
performance and other negative consequences, hence the need to have accessible and informative markers of
the athlete’s body condition in order to correct the training process. The study was conducted at the Olympic
Training Center (OTC), city of Karaganda. The participants were athletes without health complaints. To determine
the physical performance of athletes, a submaximal PWC 170 test was used, and the MOC was calculated
by an indirect method. Based on the measurement of the main indicators of the cardiovascular system
(HR, SBP, DBP) and the calculation of derivative indices (PP, SBV, MCV, DP, KEC) adopted in sports medicine
and adaptology (ShI, IFC), a comparative analysis of the adaptation of the body of high-class athletes
(46 people) to training in different energy modes (aerobic, anaerobic-aerobic, anaerobic) was performed. The
study showed differences in the adaptation indicators of the cardiovascular system of the athletes depending
on the energy mode of training and gender. Measurement and subsequent calculation of accessible and informative
indicators of adaptation of the cardiovascular system of the athlete’s body to training loads in different
energy modes allows not only to monitor its current state, but also to identify the stress preceding the
breakdown of adaptation mechanisms.
References
Bae, D., Matthews, J.J.L., Chen, J.J., & Mah, L. (2021). Increased exhalation to inhalation ratio during breathing enhances
high-frequency heart rate variability in healthy adults. Psychophysiology, 58, e13905.
Fincham, G.W., Strauss, C., Montero-Marin, J., & Cavanagh, K. (2023). Effect of breathwork on stress and mental health, A
meta-analysis of randomized-controlled trials. Sci. Rep., 13, 432.
Migliaccio, G.M., Di Filippo, G., Russo, L., Orgiana, T., Ardigò, L.P., Casal, M.Z., et al. (2022). Effects of Mental Fatigue
on Reaction Time in Sportsmen. Int. J. Environ. Res. Public Health, 19, 14360.
Baevsky, R.M., & Bersenyeva, A.P. (1997). Assessment of the adaptive capabilities of the organism and the risk of disease
development. Moscow.
Buchanan, T.L., & Janelle, C.M. (2021). Fast breathing facilitates reaction time and movement time of a memory-guided
force pulse. Hum. Mov. Sci., 76, 102762.
Ivanov, V.A., & Petrov, A.K. (2010). Aerobic and anaerobic respiration in athletes: physiological mechanisms and their importance
in the training process. Journal of Sports Medicine and Physiology. Moscow, 20(5), 123-128.
Toleubekov, M.K., & Abdrakhmanova, S.Zh. (2018). Gemodinamikalyk korsetkishter zhane olardyn sportshylardyn
densaulygyna aseri [Hemodynamic indicators and their impact on the health of athletes]. Kazak kardiologiia zhane ishkі aurular
journaly –– Kazakh cardiology and Internal Deseases, Almaty, 15(3), 45–50 [in Kazakh].
Zhumabaev, N.R., & Syzdykov, A.D. (2020). Germodinamikalyk korsetkishterdin fizikalyk zhuktemelerge reaktsiiasy [Response
of Hemodynamic Indicators to physical loads]. Proceedings of International Conference on Cardiology and Physiology Issues
in Kazakhstan (pp. 120–125) [in Kazakh].
Samokhina, A.A., & Tnimova, G.T. (2016). The influence of physical activity on hemodynamic parameters in athletes /
Journal of Sports Medicine and Physiology. Moscow, 22(3), 45–49.
Kuspanov, D.J., & Alimbaev, T.K. (2019). Sportshylardagy kannyn minuttyk kolemi: fiziologiialyk mekhanizmder zhane
zhattygu aseri [Minute Blood Volume in athletes: physiological mechanisms and training effects]. Kazakh sports medicine magazines.
Almaty, 14(2), 8–83 [in Kazakh].